Proteomics in Diagnosis: Past, Present and Future

Proteome was coined by Marc Wilkins, which he used for the entire complement of protein expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism. Proteomics is the study and characterization of complete set of proteins that are present in cell, organ, or organism at a given time [1]. Unlike genomes proteomes have both temporal and spatial variations which escalate the complexity of its study. However, this variation is important for clinical diagnosis of various pathological conditions, as a minute change in cellular or subcellular metabolism may alter its proteome [2]. Last decade has witnessed tremendous increase in the whole genome sequences. As per the recent data from genome online database (GOLD), there are 9191 eukaryotic genomes sequenced so far, while there are 38967 genomes available within bacterial domain [3]. This exponential rise is however not concurrent with proteome maps, perhaps due to lack of advent in proteome analysis technologies and also several challenges due to dynamic nature of proteomes. The dynamics of proteome is further complicated by post translational modifications that regulate the protein activity that creates a difference between proteome and functional proteome, one of the emerging fields in proteomics. Proteomics techniques: basic principles Proteomics in Diagnosis: Past, Present and Future Ahmad Y*1, Arya A*1, Gangwar A1, Paul S1 and Bhargava K1 1Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi, INDIA